Foreign citizens enjoy rights on an equal basis with citizens of the Russian Federation, except in cases stipulated by federal law or an international treaty of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of Article 62 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; Article 4 of Law No. 115-FZ).
In particular, foreign citizens have the right (Articles 17, 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation):
1) to life, inviolability of private life, personal and family secrets, protection of their honor and good name (part 1 of art. 20, part 1 of art. 23 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
2) the right to freedom and personal inviolability (Article 22 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
3) freedom of movement on the territory of the Russian Federation, choice of place of stay and residence. Exceptions are cases where, for example, restrictions on the right of free movement are required to ensure state security, protect public order, public health and morals, and protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation and others. Also, in some cases, a restriction may be imposed on the choice of a foreign citizen temporarily residing in the Russian Federation of his place of residence in the Russian Federation (Articles 27, Part 3, Article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; paragraph 2, Article 11 of Law No. 115-FZ).;
4) freedom of conscience and religion (Article 28 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
5) access to cultural values, as well as participation in cultural life and use of cultural institutions (Part 2 of Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
6) to apply to the court and other state bodies for the protection of their personal, property, family and other rights (art. 46 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
7) to enter into and terminate marriages with citizens of the Russian Federation and other persons in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (Articles 156, 160 of the RF IC);
8) the right to political asylum in accordance with generally recognized norms of international law (Part 1 of Article 63 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation);
9) participate in labor relations (Part 1 of Article 37, Part 1 of Article 44 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; Article 13 of Law No. 115-FZ);
10) have property by right of ownership; inherit and bequeath property; engage in entrepreneurial and any other activities not prohibited by law; establish legal entities independently or jointly with other citizens and legal entities; make any transactions that do not contradict the law and participate in obligations, as well as have other property and personal non-property rights (Part 2, 4, Article 35 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation; paragraph 1, Article 2, Article 18 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Foreign citizens do not have the right to serve in the municipal service on the territory of the Russian Federation;
to fill the positions of captain, senior assistant captain, chief engineer and radio specialist in the crew of a vessel flying the State flag of the Russian Federation;
be a crew member of a Russian warship or other vessel operated for non-commercial purposes;
be the commander of an experimental aircraft;
be employed at facilities and organizations whose activities are related to ensuring the security of the Russian Federation;
be a notary public or a patent attorney;
to hold the position of an expert in state forensic institutions;
to elect and be elected to federal bodies of state power, bodies of state power of subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as to participate in referendums of the Russian Federation and referendums of subjects of the Russian Federation.
At the same time, foreign citizens permanently residing in the Russian Federation have the right, on the basis of international treaties of the Russian Federation, to elect and be elected to local government bodies, as well as to participate in a local referendum (Clause 2, Article 12 of Law No. 115-FZ).