ВНЖ Общие вопросы миграционного законодательства английский

Article 78. Organization of education for foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russian educational organizations1.Foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as "foreign citizens") have the right to receive education in the Russian Federation in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation and this Federal Law.
2. Foreign citizens have equal rights with citizens of the Russian Federation to receive pre-school, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, as well as vocational training in vocational training programs for workers' professions and positions of employees within the framework of mastering the educational program of secondary general education on a publicly accessible and free basis.
3. Foreign citizens have the right to receive secondary vocational education, higher education and additional vocational education at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local budgets in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal laws or the quota established by the Government of the Russian Federation for the education of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation (hereinafter - quota), as well as at the expense of individuals and legal entities in accordance with contracts for the provision of paid educational services.
4. Foreign citizens who are compatriots living abroad have the right to receive secondary vocational education, higher education and additional vocational education on an equal basis with citizens of the Russian Federation, provided that they comply with the requirements provided for in Article 17 of Federal Law No. 99-FZ of May 24, 1999 "On the State Policy of the Russian Federation in Relation to Compatriots abroad."
5. Education of foreign citizens in basic professional educational programs at the expense of federal budget allocations within the quota is carried out with the payment to these foreign citizens of state academic scholarships to students or state scholarships to graduate students, residents, trainee assistants (during the entire period of study, regardless of academic success) and the provision of living quarters in dormitories under the conditions established for citizens of the Russian Federation who study at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget.
6. The procedure for selecting foreign citizens to study within the quota, as well as the requirements imposed on them, shall be established by the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory- legal regulation in the field of general education.
7. Foreign citizens who enroll in education within the quota enjoy the right to study at preparatory departments and preparatory faculties of federal state educational organizations in additional general education programs that prepare foreign citizens to master professional educational programs in Russian, at the expense of federal budget appropriations with the payment of scholarships to these citizens (during the entire period completing training regardless of academic success). The procedure and criteria for selecting such federal state educational organizations and their list are determined by the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of general education. education.
8. The requirements for the development of additional general education programs that prepare foreign citizens for the development of professional educational programs in Russian are determined by the federal executive authority responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive authority responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and legal regulation in the field of general education.

the financial responsibility of the employee comes for the damage caused to the employer as a result of his culpable unlawful behavior (actions or omissions). Thus, any employee can be held liable if he unlawfully and guiltily caused damage to the employer's property.
     Illegality in relation to an employment relationship means that material damage has occurred as a result of an employee's failure to perform or improper performance of his duties, which are assigned to the employee by legislation, an employment contract, or local regulations in force with the employer. The financial liability of an employee is excluded in cases of damage due to force majeure, normal economic risk, extreme necessity or necessary defense, or failure by the employer to fulfill the obligation to ensure proper conditions for the storage of property entrusted to the employee (art. 239 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            In addition, in order to talk about the occurrence of material liability for damage caused, a causal relationship must be established between the employee's action and the resulting material damage.
            Thus, the financial responsibility of an employee occurs only if the following conditions are met simultaneously::
·illegal behavior (actions or omissions) of an employee
· the employee's guilt in committing an illegal act (inaction)
·the causal relationship between the unlawful action of the employee and the material damage;
· the absence of circumstances that exclude the financial responsibility of the employee.
            The employee is obliged to compensate the employer for the direct actual damage caused to him. Lost income (lost profits) cannot be recovered from the employee. Direct actual damage is understood to mean a real decrease in the employer's available property or a deterioration in the condition of the specified property (including the property of third parties held by the employer if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property), as well as the need for the employer to make costs or excessive payments for the acquisition, restoration of property or compensation for damage caused by the employee to third parties persons (art. 238 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            At the same time, each of the parties to the employment contract is obliged to prove the amount of damage caused to it. Basically, disputes occur over the amount of compensation for damage caused by an employee.
            The amount of damage caused to an employer in the event of loss and damage to property is determined by actual losses calculated based on market prices in force in the area on the day of the damage, but not lower than the value of the property according to accounting data, taking into account the degree of depreciation of this property (art. 246 of the Labor Code).
            The recovery of damages from the guilty employee of the amount of damage caused is carried out by order (order) of the head. An order to recover damages from an employee must be issued no later than one month from the date of the final determination of the amount of damage caused by the employee. Otherwise, the damage will have to be recovered through the court (art.248 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            The employer must require the employee to provide a written explanation to determine the cause of the damage. And if the employee refuses to provide an explanation, the employer draws up an appropriate act of refusal.
            For example, an employer conducts an inventory after the dismissal of a financially responsible employee, which makes it impossible to bring to financial responsibility a former employee who made a shortage (Definition of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/2018 №66-KG18-6).
            The amount of material damage caused, which is recovered from the employee, directly depends on what kind of responsibility is provided for him: full or limited.

Documents for obtaining a patent by a foreign citizen may be submitted within 30 calendar days from the date of entry into the Russian Federation without paying a fine for violating the deadline for applying for a patent.
A patent is issued to a foreign citizen for a period of one to twelve months. The validity period of a patent may be extended repeatedly for a period of one month or more.
As a general rule, the deadline for registration of a foreign citizen for migration in Russia is 7 working days from the date of entry into the country (Part 3 of Article 20 of Federal Law No. 109—FZ of July 18, 2006 "On Migration Registration of Foreign Citizens and Stateless Persons in the Russian Federation").

Foreign workers in Russia are required to pay taxes. These obligations relate to income from work, as well as from ownership of property or transport.

For violating the deadline for applying for a patent or work permit, a foreign citizen faces an administrative fine, not deportation.
According to Article 18.20 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, violation of the deadline for applying for a patent entails a fine in the amount of 10 to 15 thousand rubles.
In case of loss, including due to theft, of their personal documents, including their passport, a foreign citizen is recommended to contact the territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of loss (theft) or discovery of the fact of absence of documents.

Starting from January 1, 2025, in accordance with Article 5 of Federal Law No. 115-FZ (as amended by Federal Law No. 260-FZ of August 8, 2024), the period of temporary stay in the Russian Federation of a foreign citizen who arrived in the Russian Federation in a manner that does not require a visa may not exceed ninety days in total during calendar year.
In this case, the continuous period of temporary stay in the Russian Federation of the said foreign citizen may not exceed ninety days. Thus, foreigners entering the country without a visa have the opportunity to stay in Russia for a total of no more than three months. After this period, it will be possible to enter the Russian Federation only in the next calendar year.
The new rules do not apply to foreigners residing in the Russian Federation on the basis of a residence permit, temporary residence permit, including for the purpose of education, as well as those who are in the period of validity of a patent, refugee certificate, work permit and temporary residence permit, including for the purpose of education.
Citizens of Belarus and South Ossetia can also stay in our country for more than 90 days.

Article 33. Requirements for citizens (foreign citizens, stateless persons) entering military service under a contract
A citizen (foreign citizen, stateless person) entering military service under a contract must be proficient in the official language of the Russian Federation, as well as meet the medical and professional psychological requirements of military service for specific military accounting specialties. To determine the citizen's compliance with the established requirements, a medical examination and professional psychological selection measures are carried out.
Types of medical policies in the Russian Federation Regardless of the purpose and from which country a foreigner comes to the Russian Federation, he must have medical insurance. A separate document is responsible for this – a medical insurance policy.
There are two types of medical policies:

Compulsory Medical Insurance Policy (CHI);
Voluntary medical insurance policy (VMI).

But there is a difference in what each of the policies gives to a foreigner and who exactly can issue which one.

VMI policy
A VMI policy is a basic policy that must be obtained by any foreigner entering the Russian Federation. A foreigner must have a VMI policy from the first day of their stay in the Russian Federation. That is, you can apply for this document either before arriving in Russia, or on the first day of your stay in the Russian Federation. The policy should be available not only for adults, but also for children.
If a foreigner has not issued a VMI policy within the specified period, he faces a fine of up to 7 thousand rubles.

Compulsory medical Insurance Policy for foreigners (RVP residence permit)
Every foreigner who is in Russia must have a medical insurance policy in order to receive assistance if necessary. Most foreigners have the opportunity to conclude only a voluntary health insurance contract (VMI). But there are categories of foreigners who will be able to apply for a compulsory health insurance policy if: they permanently reside in Russia and have a residence permit.;
They temporarily reside in Russia and have a temporary residence permit.;
They are citizens of the EAEU and have an employment contract with a Russian organization.;
They have received a refugee certificate or a certificate of temporary asylum, or a certificate of consideration of an application for recognition as a refugee.