the territorial structure of the state, combining the independence of the subjects with their subordination to the federal government.
Signs of a federal structure:
- allocation of territorial entities (subjects) within the state;
- partial independence of subjects in solving certain issues;
- the presence of their own authorities in the subjects;
- the existence of their own legislation in the subjects that does not contradict the Constitution of the Federation;
- Two-tier parliament;
- multi-channel tax collection system.

He is the head of state.
He is the guarantor of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human and civil rights and freedoms. In accordance with the procedure established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, it takes measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and state integrity, maintains civil peace and harmony in the country, and ensures the coordinated functioning and interaction of bodies within the unified system of public authority.
The President of the Russian Federation determines the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the state. He represents the Russian Federation domestically and in international relations.
The President of the Russian Federation is elected for a term of six years by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

In accordance with Part 1 of Article 44 of the Federal Law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" dated 04/28/2023, No. 138-FZ, foreign citizens who have reached the age of eighteen and have legal capacity have the right to apply for citizenship of the Russian Federation if these citizens are before October 26, 2023 (the date of entry into force of 138-FZ) have received a passport or other document indicating citizenship.

The state registration of marriage is carried out by any registry office in the territory of the Russian Federation at the choice of the persons entering into marriage through the preparation of an appropriate record of the act of civil status, on the basis of which a marriage certificate is issued.
IC RF Article 14. Circumstances preventing marriage
Marriage is not allowed between:
persons of whom at least one person is already in another registered marriage;
close relatives (relatives in a direct ascending and descending line (parents and children, grandparents and grandchildren), full- and half-siblings (having a common father or mother);
adoptive parents and adopted children;
persons of whom at least one person has been declared legally incompetent by a court due to a mental disorder.
RF IC Article 32. The right of spouses to choose their last name
1. At the conclusion of marriage, the spouses, at their discretion, choose the surname of one of them as a common surname, or each of the spouses retains his premarital surname, or, unless otherwise provided for by the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation, adds the surname of the other spouse to his surname.
The combination of surnames is not allowed if the premarital surname of at least one of the spouses is double.
2. A change in the surname of one of the spouses does not entail a change in the surname of the other spouse.
3. In case of divorce, the spouses have the right to keep the common surname or restore their premarital surnames.

Article 78. Organization of education for foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russian educational organizations1.Foreign citizens and stateless persons (hereinafter referred to as "foreign citizens") have the right to receive education in the Russian Federation in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation and this Federal Law.
2. Foreign citizens have equal rights with citizens of the Russian Federation to receive pre-school, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, as well as vocational training in vocational training programs for workers' professions and positions of employees within the framework of mastering the educational program of secondary general education on a publicly accessible and free basis.
3. Foreign citizens have the right to receive secondary vocational education, higher education and additional vocational education at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local budgets in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal laws or the quota established by the Government of the Russian Federation for the education of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation (hereinafter - quota), as well as at the expense of individuals and legal entities in accordance with contracts for the provision of paid educational services.
4. Foreign citizens who are compatriots living abroad have the right to receive secondary vocational education, higher education and additional vocational education on an equal basis with citizens of the Russian Federation, provided that they comply with the requirements provided for in Article 17 of Federal Law No. 99-FZ of May 24, 1999 "On the State Policy of the Russian Federation in Relation to Compatriots abroad."
5. Education of foreign citizens in basic professional educational programs at the expense of federal budget allocations within the quota is carried out with the payment to these foreign citizens of state academic scholarships to students or state scholarships to graduate students, residents, trainee assistants (during the entire period of study, regardless of academic success) and the provision of living quarters in dormitories under the conditions established for citizens of the Russian Federation who study at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget.
6. The procedure for selecting foreign citizens to study within the quota, as well as the requirements imposed on them, shall be established by the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory- legal regulation in the field of general education.
7. Foreign citizens who enroll in education within the quota enjoy the right to study at preparatory departments and preparatory faculties of federal state educational organizations in additional general education programs that prepare foreign citizens to master professional educational programs in Russian, at the expense of federal budget appropriations with the payment of scholarships to these citizens (during the entire period completing training regardless of academic success). The procedure and criteria for selecting such federal state educational organizations and their list are determined by the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive governmental body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory regulation in the field of general education. education.
8. The requirements for the development of additional general education programs that prepare foreign citizens for the development of professional educational programs in Russian are determined by the federal executive authority responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of higher education, in coordination with the federal executive authority responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and legal regulation in the field of general education.

the financial responsibility of the employee comes for the damage caused to the employer as a result of his culpable unlawful behavior (actions or omissions). Thus, any employee can be held liable if he unlawfully and guiltily caused damage to the employer's property.
     Illegality in relation to an employment relationship means that material damage has occurred as a result of an employee's failure to perform or improper performance of his duties, which are assigned to the employee by legislation, an employment contract, or local regulations in force with the employer. The financial liability of an employee is excluded in cases of damage due to force majeure, normal economic risk, extreme necessity or necessary defense, or failure by the employer to fulfill the obligation to ensure proper conditions for the storage of property entrusted to the employee (art. 239 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            In addition, in order to talk about the occurrence of material liability for damage caused, a causal relationship must be established between the employee's action and the resulting material damage.
            Thus, the financial responsibility of an employee occurs only if the following conditions are met simultaneously::
·illegal behavior (actions or omissions) of an employee
· the employee's guilt in committing an illegal act (inaction)
·the causal relationship between the unlawful action of the employee and the material damage;
· the absence of circumstances that exclude the financial responsibility of the employee.
            The employee is obliged to compensate the employer for the direct actual damage caused to him. Lost income (lost profits) cannot be recovered from the employee. Direct actual damage is understood to mean a real decrease in the employer's available property or a deterioration in the condition of the specified property (including the property of third parties held by the employer if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property), as well as the need for the employer to make costs or excessive payments for the acquisition, restoration of property or compensation for damage caused by the employee to third parties persons (art. 238 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            At the same time, each of the parties to the employment contract is obliged to prove the amount of damage caused to it. Basically, disputes occur over the amount of compensation for damage caused by an employee.
            The amount of damage caused to an employer in the event of loss and damage to property is determined by actual losses calculated based on market prices in force in the area on the day of the damage, but not lower than the value of the property according to accounting data, taking into account the degree of depreciation of this property (art. 246 of the Labor Code).
            The recovery of damages from the guilty employee of the amount of damage caused is carried out by order (order) of the head. An order to recover damages from an employee must be issued no later than one month from the date of the final determination of the amount of damage caused by the employee. Otherwise, the damage will have to be recovered through the court (art.248 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
            The employer must require the employee to provide a written explanation to determine the cause of the damage. And if the employee refuses to provide an explanation, the employer draws up an appropriate act of refusal.
            For example, an employer conducts an inventory after the dismissal of a financially responsible employee, which makes it impossible to bring to financial responsibility a former employee who made a shortage (Definition of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 05/07/2018 №66-KG18-6).
            The amount of material damage caused, which is recovered from the employee, directly depends on what kind of responsibility is provided for him: full or limited.